Pre-Service
Training — Pre-service
training is a process through which individuals are made ready to enter a
certain kind of professional job like as medicine, engineering, etc. The
prerequisite training which people undertake in order to get a service job. The
training is given before requirement. VHW, ANM, AHW, computer, driving are the
examples of pre-service training. This type of training is also considered as
technical education and/or vocational training which focus more in practical or
skill development. In this type of training, individuals have to attend regular
classes in a formal institution and need to complete a definite curriculum and
courses successfully to receive a formal degree or diploma. They are not
entitled to get a professional job unless they can earn a certificate, diploma,
or degree from the recognized institution. Pre-service training contents
emphasize mostly technical subject matter such as medical, nursing, laboratory,
etc.
In-service training — It is a process of staff
development for the purpose of improving the performance of an incumbent holding
a position with assigned job responsibilities. It promotes the professional
growth of individuals. "It is a program designed to strengthen the
competencies of extension workers while they are on the job". In-service
training is problem-centered, learner-oriented, and time-bound series of
activities which provide the opportunity to develop a sense of purpose, broaden
perception of the clientele, and increase capacity to gain knowledge and
mastery of techniques. This training is short term for personnel involved in
the job. The focus of in-service training is usually on a single course. In-service
training may broadly be categorized into seven different types — Induction or
Orientation Training, Basic Training, On-the-Job Training, Refresher or
Maintenance Training, Career Development Training, Specialized Training, and
Training of Trainers. All of these types of training are needed for the proper
development of employees throughout their service life. In-service training is
most effective in a real situation if possible (e.g., in clinical settings for
clinical training, MRT, CAC, PAC).
Basic Training: This is long term training given
just after the recruitment of a group of persons to a job. The training intends
to develop the KSA (knowledge, skills, and abilities) of person who is
responsible to perform certain activities. Minilap, Norplant, IUD are examples
for first time. This training is also appropriate for newly recruited
personnel. Besides technical competence and routine instruction about the
organization, every staff member needs some professional knowledge about
various rules and regulations of the government, administrative capability,
communication skills, leadership ability, coordination and cooperation among
institutions and their linkage mechanism, report writing, and so on. This type
of training is made available to employees to strengthen the foundation of
their service career. This training is usually provided at an early stage of
service life.
Refresher training: This is short term training aims
to refresh the learning in the basic training and to learn new things that is
changed for immediate application and practice of the knowledge, skills (May be
new) and attitude which is very needful to perform certain job. This type of
training keeps the concerned personnel updated and enables them to add to the
knowledge and skills they have gained already. Thus, this training is also known as
maintenance training. Minilap, Norplant, IUD are examples.
On the Job Training
(OJT): This
training is imparted by the supervisor in the job situation of an employee or a
person. It helps the worker in correcting minor mistakes during job
performance.
Field Training: This is a part of all types of
training. It has a job oriented focus used during training relating to theory
and practice. It helps in getting situational experiences in the field setting.
This is a very effective part of any training program and it gives an
opportunity to learn from practical situation.
Formal academic
training: Formal academic trainings are these trainings
which are qualified as academic career. Certificate trainings like SN, HA, Lab
Tech are examples.
Formal non academic
training: Formal
non-academic trainings are these trainings which are not qualified as academic
career. ANM, CMA, Lab assistant are
examples.
Orientation
training: This
training gives introductory information and skills for some services offered
for new employees to start the job. The orientation training is given to the
persons who have been recruited for a particular job.
